西部地区教育投资形态与对策建议

作为教育投资比例衡量标志的财政性教育投资占国内生产总值的比例,西部地区过去15年都没有达到4%的目标,原因在于西部地区教育投资的增长率低于国内生产总值的增长率以及财政预算内教育经费支出在财政支出中所占比例偏低,同时,预算内教育经费拨款增长不能持续高于财政经常性收入的增长也是重要的因素。因此,必须发挥财政投入主渠道作用,加大中央对西部地区转移支付力度,以确保增加教育经费的各项法律的落实和目标的实现。     

居民点土地整理:新农村建设的重要途径──浙江省嘉善县农村居民点调查

本文通过实地调查．研究分析了浙江省嘉善县农村居民点用地现状及其存在的主要问题。根据对嘉善县农村宅基地土地整理的潜力及其资金筹集途径的分析．作者对如何协调农村宅基地土地整理与新农村建设提出了相应的对策建议。     

Valuing Changes in the Quality of Coral Reef Ecosystems: A Stated Preference Study of SCUBA Diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park

We estimated the economic value of changes in the quality of a coral reef ecosystem to SCUBA divers in the Caribbean using a stated preference mail survey. Our sampling frame was all divers with U.S. home addresses who purchased a tag required for diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park in 2001. Divers were asked how they might have altered their trip choice had the quality of the coral reef system been different from what they experienced. From these responses we inferred the value of three different levels of quality defined by visibility, species diversity, and percent coral cover. We used random utility theory and mixed logit to analyze the choice questions. Our sample size was 211, and our survey response rate was 75%. For modest changes in quality we estimated per person annual losses at $45. For larger losses the value was $192. Presented at the 3rd World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists in Kyoto, Japan, July 2006.     

东北旅游区旅游业发展的优劣势分析

旅游业是全球范围内兴起的朝阳产业，其自身的系统连锁属性和较之大工业的安全属性都为世界各地争相启动提供了巨大的吸引力，尤其是在带动当地工农业二次繁荣、解决劳动就业问题，都起到了不可忽视的作用。文章以东北旅游区发展旅游业为讨论对象，重点讨论其优势与劣势。     

农村综合改革试验区经济跨越式发展研究——以毕节试验区为例

毕节自成立"开发扶贫、生态建设"试验区以来,呈现出加快发展的良好势头.但是,与国内、省内其他地区相比,毕节试验区总体发展水平还很低,经济社会中还存在不少薄弱环节和制约因素.因此,超越现存对经济社会发展制约因素的束缚,推进毕节试验区的跨越式发展势在必行.可从产业发展、借力协作、城镇化、科教兴区、生态立区等五个方面入手,把毕节试验区建设成为生态与经济良性互动型区域.     

The natural rate of interest and the output gap in the euro area: a joint estimation

The notion of a natural real rate of interest, due to Wicksell (Interest and prices. Macmillan, London Translation of 1898 edition, 1936), is widely used in current central bank research. The idea is that there exists a level at which the real interest rate would be compatible with output at its potential level and stationary inflation. Such a concept is of primary concern for monetary policy because it provides a benchmark for the monetary policy stance. This paper applies the method suggested by Laubach and Williams (Rev Econ Stat 85(4):1063–1070, 2003) to jointly estimate the natural real interest rate and the output gap in the euro area using data from 1960 onwards. Our results suggest that the natural real rate of interest has declined gradually over the past 40 years. They also indicate that monetary policy in the euro area was on average stimulative during the 1960s and the 1970s, while it contributed to dampen the output gap and inflation in the 1980s and 1990s. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions to which they are affiliated. We are grateful to Siem Jan Koopman for very helpful suggestions and comments. We also thank P. Cour-Thimann, V. Curdia, F. Drudi, S. McCaw, D. Rodriguez-Palenzuela, R. Pilegaard, H. Pill, L. Stracca, T. Laubach, J. C. Williams and the participants of an ECB workshop on natural interest rates.     

我国农村商业养老保险存在的问题与对策探析——基于完善社会保障体系的视角

本文分析表明,相对于整个农村社会养老保障体系而言,我国农村商业养老保险存在发展滞后的问题,其原因主要是政府部门的相关政策力度不够、保险公司的供给乏力和农民的有效需求不足。因此,本文提出了四个方面的政策建议,以增强保险公司的农村养老保险供给和农民养老保险需求的激励,推动农村商业养老保险的进一步发展。     

重庆市地表起伏度及其对农业生产的影响分析

重庆地貌复杂多样,地表起伏度大,通过对重庆各区县地表起伏度研究和计算,可定量了解重庆山水起伏骨架指数。以空间分辨率为30m、投影为WGS84_UTM的ASTER GDEM V2全球数字高程数据为基础,在ArcGIS10.1中利用投影面积比法计算重庆各区县地表起伏度指数,在此基础上分析了地表起伏度与2008~2013年各区县农业生产指标之间的相关性并建立系列模型。结果表明:1重庆西部较为平整,地表起伏度比中、东部地区低,地表起伏度最大的是东北部的城口、巫溪、巫山,最平整的是西部的荣昌、潼南、大足。2基于重庆市31个县域的统计分析,地表起伏度标准化指数每增加0.1,粮食单产减少约0.37t/hm~2,农林水支出占财政支出比例增加约1.1%。3地表起伏度对耕播面积比例影响力最大,其可决系数R~2达到0.8859。4农业产出不变时,农业投入随地表起伏度的增加而增加,地表起伏度与综合指标(农业产出投入比)所建指数模型的可决系数R~2为0.8296。     

基于丝绸之路经济带发展的西安国际港务区运输通道构建分析

通过分析国际港务区在西安对外贸易发展中的作用，主要评价了物流通道中的运输通道建设问题，提出了在新的区域经济发展思路下运输通道的构建策略。     

冲击地压工作面防灭火研究及应用

冲击地压工作面为防止能量积聚,工作面要控制推采速度,待压力得到释放后再进行回采。然而3层煤复采,发生过多次高温火点。为防止具有冲击地压的工作面煤层发火,采用煤层注水法可增加煤层含水率,软化煤体强度,降低能量的积聚,同时又减少高温点的出现。